Instigator / Pro
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1500
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debates
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Topic
#5746

Access to abortion services is a fundamental human right.

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Voting

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Parameters
Publication date
Last updated date
Type
Standard
Number of rounds
5
Time for argument
Three days
Max argument characters
10,000
Voting period
Two weeks
Point system
Multiple criterions
Voting system
Open
Contender / Con
0
1500
rating
3
debates
33.33%
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Description

Please refrain from personal attacks, follow the code of conduct, and cite any facts or statistics you use to back up your arguments. I am pro-choice. I believe that bodily autonomy is a human right, and whether or not to abort a pregnancy is a decision that lies with the person who is pregnant. (Specifically, this is referring to the pro-choice/pro-life debate in the United States).

Round 1
Pro
#1
Hi! Thank you for debating with me. I'll get right into the reasons for my view on this topic.

I have several different reasons to support my stance which can be summed down to:
  • A fetus does not qualify as a human life until it has developed consciousness.
  • Not all pregnancies result from consensual intercourse between adults, and birth control methods can fail (not everyone intends to get pregnant).
  • A woman should have a right to bodily autonomy.
  • Pregnancy can be dangerous. Women should not be forced into accepting those risks, and should be able to receive the healthcare they need in case complications arise.
What is life?
First of all, I would define life as the ability to understand and interpret an event or events, based on their emotions and cognition (subjective experience, something that could also be called consciousness) in the past or present, and the future (various sources will provide a definition for subjective experience). According to our understanding of fetal brain development, consciousness cannot emerge before 24 gestational weeks [1]. Based on data from the CDC, less than 1% of abortions occur after this point, and 93% occur before 13 weeks of gestation [2]. A study done several years ago found that only 5% of third trimester abortions were done due to the decision being postponed after establishing a poor fetal prognosis (which allows for further evaluation to avoid an unnecessary termination). Other instances occurred because the poor prognosis wasn’t established earlier for various reasons, or it was not possible to properly diagnose the condition earlier [3]. At that point, it is a hugely difficult decision to make morally, emotionally, but one that would not be made better if the government steps in and removes that right to choose (particularly if the health of the mother is at risk).

To sum up my argument, the vast majority of abortions are conducted before the fetus can be considered alive, and those that are conducted afterwards are due to complications in the pregnancy where either the fetus wouldn't survive the birth or wouldn't survive long after, or the mother's life/health is at risk.

My question for you would be where do you think life starts? And what defines life? What defines human life? I’m also curious to know whether you support bans in cases of rape, incest, or the life of the mother.

Consent/Birth Control
A common argument I hear is that a person should not become involved in sexual intercourse if they are unwilling to face the possibility of pregnancy. I have a few issues with this argument. First of all, not all pregnancies come from consensual sex. Second, people may use birth control methods (which also have unwanted and often severe side effects), but these methods will fail on occasion [4]. Additionally, many people will have sex for pleasure, and one could argue that sexual intimacy can help improve a relationship which is beneficial both the the continuation of the relationship, and to a family system. Consenting to sex does not equate to consenting to carrying a pregnancy to term. Just because someone consents to drive a car which includes the risk of injury, does this mean that a person shouldn't receive healthcare after a crash because they agreed to drive?

Bodily Autonomy
Not all women want children, can support children, or are in a situation where they can provide a child with a good life. A woman in college, for example, might have a plan to finish her degree, start a career, become financially stable, and perhaps she is simply not ready/willing to take on the responsibility. Should she have to halt those plans, take care of a child she was not prepared for, pay medical bills on top of student debt, and raise the child in a society that does not provide adequate support systems for doing so? On average, giving birth costs $18,865 [5], and not all people can pay that amount (according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, a woman’s average salary is $53,092) [6]. That's also not including the financial cost of raising the child. Would that child have a good life? Particularly in a situation where the person is not ready to raise a child, she may not be emotionally available or provide the love that every child deserves.

The Risks of Pregnancy
Pregnancy can be dangerous, particularly for those with underlying health conditions, and the maternal mortality rate in the United States continues to increase. In addition, an analysis of maternal deaths in Texas (a state that banned abortion care five weeks into pregnancy; before many women even realize they’re pregnant [7]) showed them to increase by 56% from 2019 to 2022, compared with 11% nationwide [8]. Several issues such as ectopic pregnancies are treated with abortions, and preventing access to that medical care can result in the death of the mother [9] [10]. Even in pregnancies without complications, women still experience a variety of pregnancy symptoms throughout the nine months, and go through the physical stress of labor. Is it morally acceptable to you to take away a woman's right to consent to these risks?

Conclusion
Someone who is pregnant deserves the right to bodily autonomy, and should be allowed a choice in whether or not to accept the risks of pregnancy. A fetus has not developed consciousness until the third trimester, and late-term abortions are almost always  due to poor fetal prognosis. In addition, the monumental task of parenthood is not a decision to forced into, and children deserve parents who want to care and provide for them.

Sources Cited:
  1. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25160864/
  2. https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2024/03/25/what-the-data-says-about-abortion-in-the-us/#when-during-pregnancy-do-most-abortions-occur
  3. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10426234/
  4. https://americanpregnancy.org/unplanned-pregnancy/birth-control-pills-patches-and-devices/birth-control-failure/
  5. https://www.forbes.com/advisor/health-insurance/how-much-does-it-cost-to-have-a-baby/#:~:text=Average%20Cost%20of%20Childbirth%20in,don't%20have%20health%20insurance%3F
  6. https://www.bls.gov/opub/ted/2024/median-weekly-earnings-1227-for-men-1021-for-women-first-quarter-2024.htm
  7. https://americanpregnancy.org/healthy-pregnancy/week-by-week/5-weeks-pregnant/#:~:text=Weeks%20four%20through%20seven%20are%20when%20most%20women%20discover%20they%20are%20pregnant
  8. https://www.nbcnews.com/health/womens-health/texas-abortion-ban-deaths-pregnant-women-sb8-analysis-rcna171631
  9. https://www.health.com/news/abortion-medically-necessary
  10. https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/investigation-links-georgias-abortion-ban-to-preventable-deaths-of-2-women

Con
#2
Hello, I'm pleased to be in this debate. The main point of your argument is that many women are not ready for a child, and I agree with that. However, I want to point out that the procedure of removing a fetus and getting a woman back to proper health is expensive and could lead to chaos.

1. You're right that women should be allowed to abort their fetus. Personally, I believe adoption is a better option than abortion, but it's not my choice. Those who bear the child should bear the choice and responsibility.

2. The problem with abortion is that it shouldn't be taken lightly. There could be consequences beyond just moral ones. This could also lead to economic issues as birth control may not be seen as necessary if abortion is readily available and covered by insurance. Additionally, widespread abortion could change society's perception of human life. I also need your input on whether there should be a time limit for when abortion is no longer an option, especially after the first trimester. Furthermore, if abortion becomes more common, there's a risk that babies could develop immunity to the procedures used for abortion.

In summary, while I believe women should have the right to abort their fetuses, I think there should be limits on how many times (excluding cases like rape). (Also, I apologize if this debate seems unusual, as I am new to this.)

Round 2
Pro
#3
I want to point out that the procedure of removing a fetus and getting a woman back to proper health is expensive and could lead to chaos.
While I won't deny that there are costs associated with receiving an abortion, the alternative is carrying the pregnancy to term. Between the two, which is more expensive? Abortions cost somewhere around $600-$800 [1], compared to the $18,865 cost of giving birth [2]. It isn't really a comparable cost, even if the abortion is given later in the pregnancy. Complications in abortions arise around 2% of the time [3] compared to a 8-10% rate for pregnancies [4]. In addition, pregnancy related complications can be much more severe. Early trimester abortions are referred to as similar to a heavy period [5], and recovery time is around 1-2 days [6] (compared with 6-8 weeks, or up to a year postpartum recovery, along with many symptoms such as postpartum depression, hair loss, and a variety of other physical affects, some of which can be permanent. [7]). Again, although I can't deny that there are some risks, the alternative is far more dangerous. I'm also curious about what sort of chaos you are referring to.

I believe adoption is a better option than abortion, but it's not my choice. Those who bear the child should bear the choice and responsibility.
Adoption is an alternative for parenthood, not pregnancy. Pregnancy can be dangerous, particularly for those with underlying health conditions, and the maternal mortality rate in the United States continues to increase. In addition, the foster care system in the United States is poor, with 40-85% of children in the system diagnosed with some type of mental disorder (compared to 20% of the general population) [8]. I agree that those who bear the child should bear the choice and responsibility, which is why I believe that abortion is something that should not have bans placed on it.

This could also lead to economic issues as birth control may not be seen as necessary if abortion is readily available and covered by insurance. Additionally, widespread abortion could change society's perception of human life. I also need your input on whether there should be a time limit for when abortion is no longer an option, especially after the first trimester. Furthermore, if abortion becomes more common, there's a risk that babies could develop immunity to the procedures used for abortion.
Why should economic issues be a higher priority than women's health and rights? Additionally, Roe v. Wade was in place for around 50 years, and yet people used birth control during that time period, and I haven't heard anything about economic issues stemming from it. Birth control is also used to help people manage period symptoms rather than being solely for pregnancy prevention, and abortion tends to be considered as more of a fail-safe in case those methods fail. Speaking practically, birth control is easier to access and less expensive than an abortion. Why would someone use abortion as a birth control alternative? I also highly doubt that it is a large enough industry to have a huge affect on the economy. Again, abortion access was available and federally protected in the U.S. for 50 years, and yet these problems haven't become reality.

I don't believe in time limits for abortions. Those who know they don't want to go through a pregnancy would get an abortion early on before consciousness has developed, and late term abortions are used solely for when complications arise and there is no other safe option. Removing access to late-term abortions could put the health of many women at risk, and is a decision that the woman should make along with the help of medical professionals who can explain the options and risks. I'd like to see a source about babies developing immunity for the procedure. This is not something that is happening/has happened.

In summary, while I believe women should have the right to abort their fetuses, I think there should be limits on how many times (excluding cases like rape).
Please correct me if I am misunderstanding, but it sounds like you have a fairly pro-choice viewpoint? I'm wondering why we are debating this in the first place if you do support abortion access. I agree that abortion shouldn't be used as a form of contraception, but this would involve the government tracking pregnancies; something that I and many others find deeply troubling. I believe a better alternative for reducing the number of abortions is reducing the number of unintended pregnancies by increasing access to contraceptive methods, investing more research into developing contraceptives without the severe side affects that exist today, and increasing societal support for new parents. Overall, many of your arguments were rather unsubstantiated and not backed up by any sources.

Thank you for debating with me, and I look forward to reading your response.

  1. https://www.plannedparenthood.org/blog/how-much-does-it-cost-to-get-an-abortion
  2. https://www.forbes.com/advisor/health-insurance/how-much-does-it-cost-to-have-a-baby/#:~:text=Average%20Cost%20of%20Childbirth%20in,don't%20have%20health%20insurance%3F
  3. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430793/
  4. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3397325/#:~:text=Worldwide%2C%20for%20an%20estimated%20358%2C000,suffer%20from%20acute%20maternal%20complications.
  5. https://cwhccolorado.com/services/early-abortion/index.html
  6. https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Health/aftercareinformation/pages/conditions.aspx?hwid=av2707
  7. https://familydoctor.org/recovering-from-delivery/#:~:text=Your%20postpartum%20recovery%20won't,body%20has%20turned%20against%20you.
  8. https://www.ojp.gov/ncjrs/virtual-library/abstracts/mental-health-needs-youth-foster-care-challenges-and-strategies#:~:text=Research%20indicates%20that%20in%20the,and%20solutions%20to%20this%20problem
Con
#4
 $600-$800 [1], compared to the $18,865 cost of giving birth 
Yes, but imagine what one person could do in 9 months, not to mention the millions of people per month this could ensue.

Adoption is an alternative for parenthood.
I agree, but I said that statement regarding your many statements about how most aren't ready for adulthood.
Why should economic issues be a higher priority than women's health and rights? 
If the economy goes down, everything goes down.
Please correct me if I am misunderstanding, but it sounds like you have a fairly pro-choice viewpoint? 
Yes, I do.

The point I was trying to get at is that although a good point, what I'm saying is, first, calling abortion a fundamental right is an overstep, the fundamental right is freedom of religion, freedom of thought, and stuff like that. People have had wars, this fundament right, and although abortion is an important thing, to call it fundamental is a step too far (also, you've made some good points)
Round 3
Pro
#5

Yes, but imagine what one person could do in 9 months, not to mention the millions of people per month this could ensue.
I'm not really sure what you're getting at with this. Could you please elaborate?

I agree, but I said that statement regarding your many statements about how most aren't ready for adulthood.
In this statement, I am curious about your choice of words with "adulthood." Parenthood and adulthood are two very different things, and while many people may be a successful adult, that does not equate to being ready for parenthood. I am not in any way advocating for people to get an abortion, and if someone chooses to carry the pregnancy to term and go down the route of adoption, I absolutely respect that choice. While I can agree that adoption is in fact an alternative for parenthood, using adoption as an argument against abortion access negates the reality that the foster care system in this country is honestly quite terrible, and it negates the risks of pregnancy.

If the economy goes down, everything goes down. 
This is a very broad statement, but I agree with it as a whole. However I noticed that you continued to fail to provide any sources or additional arguments about the reinstatement of abortion access resulting in an economic collapse. As I stated before, is birth control a large enough industry for that? Is the need to promote economic growth of the birth control industry an adequate reason to inhibit women from potentially life-saving healthcare? Was birth control not used during the 50 years Roe v. Wade was in place? Why would women use abortion as an alternative for birth control methods? Again, did that happen during the previous 50 years? I also noticed you didn't provide any backing for your previous statement that "if abortion becomes more common, there's a risk that babies could develop immunity to the procedures used for abortion." It's a statement that has no scientific backing (again, if you'd like to provide some, please include your sources). Abortion is not a strong enough evolutionary pressure for this to occur, and did not develop over the last 50 years.

Calling abortion a fundamental right is an overstep.
So I suppose the core of this debate then is not whether abortion rights should be infringed upon, but my choice of wording in the title. That's not what I was trying to get at when posting this debate, but I suppose this is a valid conversation to have. First of all, you provided several examples that I agree are fundamental rights, but you failed to provide a definition for what constitutes a fundamental right. Fundamental rights are defined by Cornell's Law School as "a group of rights that have been recognized by the Supreme Court as requiring a high degree of protection from government encroachment" [1]. If we stick with this definition, then abortion access was a fundamental right 2 years ago, but no longer is one. Other sources (a quick google search for "fundamental rights" will provide several) define it as laws that secure human dignity regardless of race, religion, or other classifications. This is a definition that I personally prefer, and the one that I believe many people also use. If we were to break down the term, the definition of fundamental is considered to be the "forming a necessary base or core; of central importance." I believe the second two more accurately define "fundamental right," as the first definition relies entirely on what country/region/time period you are in. Please inform me if you disagree with my take on this, but for now I'll stick with the last two definitions. Is the right to bodily autonomy not something that preserves human dignity? Or something that forms a necessary core of rights? Limiting abortion access has drastic impacts on the opportunities, health, and lives of women. You didn't provide much argument as to why abortion shouldn't fall under this category, so I would like to hear what your reasoning behind this viewpoint is.

I am glad we can have a cordial discussion on this topic, and look forward to reading your response.

Con
#6
Forfeited
Round 4
Pro
#7
Forfeited
Con
#8
Forfeited
Round 5
Pro
#9
Forfeited
Con
#10
Forfeited