Can Morality Be Objective Without God?

A reason may be concrete (A boulder is falling so I have reason to move) or abstract/nonmaterial (I am of the subjective opinion that a story is sad so I have reason to cry) in both cases cause and effect is demonstrably taking place. My point in my last post to you is that it doesn't matter if a reason is concrete or abstract.

Mental causation.

"The phenomenon of mental causation, as may be apparent, is thoroughly commonplace and ubiquitous. But this is not the only reason why it is significant. It is absolutely fundamental to our concept of actions performed intentionally (as opposed to involuntarily), which, in turn, is central to those of agency, free will, and moral responsibility. An action, as philosophers use the term, is not a mere bodily motion like involuntarily blinking one's eyes. It is something one does intentionally, as when one winks to grab someone's attention. The distinction between a mere bodily movement and an action hinges on the possibility of mental causation, since actions have mental states, such as intentions, as direct causes. This distinction, in turn, is critical for gauging moral responsibility, since we attribute or withhold judgments of moral responsibility depending upon whether the agent acted intentionally."

https://www.iep.utm.edu/mental-c/

maybe 'Dualium' is what allows brains to manifest consciousness and real free will :(

That pushes us further down the chain of proof it doesn't resolve anything. Now we have moved from having to demonstrate freewill to having to demonstrate dualism and freewill.

(EITHER) ghosts, spirits, souls, and angels and gods act based on previous influences (OR) they don't.

(IFF) ghosts, spirits, souls, and angels and gods act on previous influences, (THEN) they are part of the causal chain.

(IFF) ghosts, spirits, souls, and angels and gods do not act on previous influences, (THEN) they act randomly.

So called "dualism" solves none of the fundamental logical problems with free-will.

What happened is reading the story upped your seratonin levels etc so you felt sad and produced tears.   

How do we demonstrate the ability to have chosen otherwise? We cannot go back in time and choose again. Even if we could our knowledge of the future outcome would be a potential cause and the test would be inconclusive. If You have a method of testing your hypothesis please present it.

Morality is completely subjective.

Intentionality is CAUSED. Mental causation is CAUSED. If it is CAUSED it is not FREE.If it is UNCAUSED, it is RANDOM.

i' a devils advocate here, ok?

The materialist picture is thebrain is firstly caused into a physical state that means 'I want tea not coffee'.  In turn that causes the next physical brain state, which means 'I choose coffee'.   

The dualist does not deny the succession of physical brain states is entirely causal.  However dualism holds that physical brain states do not have mental meanings such as desires or choices.   The mental resides in the dualistic element, ie in the 'dualium', or as it usually called the 'soul' or 'self'.

Anyone who takes a philosophical viewpoint on anything requires rational justification of that position.

Free will does not violate cause and effect.

The word "free" is not included in the definition of free will.

It is the ability to make a choice, unimpeded.

Does the human brain have the ability to make a rational choice? Yes.

The reasons why a brain makes a choice are irrelevant.

What exactly is free-will supposed to be free from?

TwoMan, do you believe that insects and dogs and robots have free-will, according to this definition?

By the definition "The ability to make a choice, unimpeded" then yes. I wouldn't say it is a rational choice though.

Is a "rational choice" exclusive to adult humans?

A rational choice is not 'free'!

Free will is compatible with cause and effect...

If free-will is defined as "rational choice" then why bother complicating things with two different terms for exactly the same thing?

If your body is a "ghost puppet", the ghost is still either part of a causal chain that stretches back to wherever ghosts come from, or it acts randomly.

The dualist says that istrue only for regular matter, not for soul-stuff. 

Randomly determined does not mean non-causually determined.

Randomly determined does not mean non-causually determined.