This depends on the definition of white privilege. For the purposes of my response, I will be using the following definition from Merriam Websters Dictionary:
"the set of social and economic advantages that white people have by virtue of their race (see
RACE entry 1 sense 1a) in a culture characterized by racial inequality." [1]
The crux of this definition relies on privileges being tied SOLELY to a racial advantage. E.G. getting or having special treatment due to skin color.
The fact of the matter is, such treatment exists. But it is not systemic.
There is a portion of the American population that favors white people over other races. This is just a fact. Does everyone do this? No. Is it in our major institutions? No. But there are still members of the population who afford white people better treatment. I'll explain:
There is minority privilege at college universities
According to the ACT's 2020 college readiness test, just 26% of all students who took the test passed the test. [2]
Of the 26% who passed the test, the ethnicity makeup verus all test takers was, as reported by Just Facts:
- Asian – 52%
- White – 33%
- Hispanic – 14%
- Pacific Islander – 12%
- American Indian – 7%
- Black – 6% [3]
In 2020, these were the admission rates of new high school students at Colleges nationwide, as reported by Just Facts:
- 90% for Asians.
- 68% for whites.
- 63% for Hispanics.
- 50% for blacks. [4]
So even though just 6% of black people passed the college readiness test, 50% enter college. This is a significantly higher margin than for any other race in the United States. The second greatest margin is for Hispanic students, then for white students. Asian American students have the lowest margin between college unreadiness and college admission in the United States according to the data.
In 2004, all 27,000 of Stanford's onboarded law students were followed from freshman year to their first job after graduating law school. This was the result of the study, as reported by Just Facts:
- the combined median LSAT [Law School Admissions Test] score and undergraduate GPA for black students was roughly equal to the bottom 6th percentile of white students.
- 8% of white law students and 19% of black law students did not graduate after five years.
- among black students who graduated, 43% of them were in the bottom 10% of their class after their third year of law school.
- 78% of white students and 45% of black students who began law school in 1991 graduated, took the bar exam, and passed on their first attempt.
- black students were “nearly six times as likely as whites to not pass state bar exams after multiple attempts.”
- black lawyers earned “6% to 9% more early in their careers” than white lawyers with similar credentials who sought similar jobs. [5]
This Stanford study shows that the college degree system lowers the standard to accept black students. However, it also shows systemic economic racism against white students who passed the bar and went on to get a job.
Does this mean that black people are, by nature, unable to achieve education success? No. Since 45% of the enrolled black students graduated and passed the bar on their first attempt.
Instead, what the data shows is that colleges bend over backward to accommodate minority students, even if it means accepting people who are not college ready.
There is minority privilege in U.S. Government employment
In 2018, black people comprised of 13% of the general population. However, they comprised of 19% of the Federal workforce and 11% of the senior executive positions. This results in an overrepresentation in government employment. [6]
Hispanic people were underrepresented in the government workforce by 50% versus the total workforce. [7] However, according to a 2006 Government Accountability Office study as to why there is an underrepresentation of hispanic people in the Federal workforce, they concluded that the reason hispanics were underrepresented is because, of all hispanics in the workforce, roughly 33% were not US Citizens, which is a necessary prerequisite for a Federal government position. Additionally, when norming for this fact and others, hispanic citizens were 24% more likely to be employed by the Federal government compared to private companies. [8]
So, this concludes that white people are less likely to receive special treatment by the Federal Government when applying to jobs as opposed to other ethnic groups
Government jobs, on average pay 17% more money than equivalent private sector jobs, according to a 2016 report by the Congressional Budget Office. [9] Which means that minorities have a viable means of achieving significantly more money with fewer barriers to entry than their white counterparts.
Black people have greater access to social and legal justice than any other race in America
The NAACP was founded to be a black advocacy organization in 1909. Since then, the NAACP has become the largest advocacy organization in the United States. [10] So black people in America have the largest advocacy organization in the country focusing on defending their legal rights.
Additionally, Black Lives Matter, which rose to meteoric fame during the Trump Administration, received hundreds of millions of dollars in funding by all of America's largest corporations to advocate for black supremacism in America. [11]
The Real White Privilege In The United States: Inherited Positions Of Economic Standing From Parents
However, does this mean there are no special privileges to being white? Of course not.
The net worth of white people is higher than all other ethnicities in America. [12] This comes from years of white people in power rigging the system to favor themselves and other whites. However, much of this rigging has been removed thanks to the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Constitutional Amendments specifically banning racist laws by U.S. States, and other milestones in American history, in addition to the above current structures in place that benefit minorities above whites. But that doesn't mean White People did not receive any current financial advantages from the previous 150+ years of privilege.
Additionally, in the private sector, white people are overrepresented in employment, suggesting that it may be easier for a white person to get a private sector job, [16] which pays less, compared to a government job, which pays more.
However, another reason white people have a higher net worth is due to significant differences in financial literacy. Though most Americans are financially illiterate, 52.7%, to be specific, [13] black people are more likely to be financially illiterate than white people, [14] and black people are also more likely to spend money on consumer products than white people. [15] So the two biggest prolonged issues affecting black net worth have solutions that can be easily applied with self education on financial literacy and spending less on consumer goods to build net worth.
It is also worth noting that white people are the second highest wage earners besides Asians in almost all income categories except not receiving a high school diploma, where white people make 5-6k more than other ethnic groups. [17]
Sources: