My thoughts:
First (admittedly a bit of an oversimplification, as it excludes regulatory costs), both supply and demand determine price. To my knowledge, there hasn't been a 100% increase in demand for gas from Jan. 2021 to the present, so supply must be a cause of inflated gas prices.
Second, the Biden Administration shuttered the Keystone XL Pipeline and recently canceled federal leases to drill in the Gulf of Mexico and ANWR (basically Alaska). The administration changed environmental regulations for drilling so as to put less emphasis on the needs of the fossil fuel industry, which probably blocked new drilling and pipelines in other parts of the country.
Third, while rules restricting future drilling probably wouldn't have a huge impact on current supply, the gas market is, as the Senator Kennedy recently quipped on the Senate floor, "forward-looking". Anticipating future difficulties might contribute to jacking up prices in the present.
Fourth, at the time when Trump left office gasoline prices were, adjusted for inflation, actually rather low, lower even in non-adjusted dollars than it stood at certain points as early as 2006. Additionally, from Jan. 2017 to Jan. 2021 prices did not increase at all. The pandemic had been in full swing for about a year and in fact prices were higher in Feb. 2020, so that couldn't have been the cause.
Fifth, when new American drilling tampers off, it arguably signals to foreign suppliers like OPEC that America is no longer a serious competitor, which might embolden them to raise prices.
Sixth, though Putin's war in Ukraine is surely a major cause, about 50% of the increase from Jan. 2021 had already happened by Feb. 24. That suggests there was more than one cause.
Seventh, the Biden Administration failed to deter Putin from invading Ukraine. There were signs of a pending Russian invasion as early as April of last year, giving the administration about 10 months to come up with an actionable plan, but it did not. While obviously Putin is the only one who pulled the trigger, the whole situation doesn't paint the current White House in a very competent light.
Eighth, the logistics of manufacturing goods and getting them to where they need to go is fuel-intensive. Certain goods, such as cosmetics, plastics, etc., directly require fossil fuels to produce. A rise in the price of gas would trickle down to other sectors of the economy.