The Occult -
"Mystical, supernatural, or magical powers, practices, or phenomena"
[2] "the knowledge and study of supernatural or magical forces."
[3]
Though not all of the definitions necessarily include your interpretation of the word "Occult" it can be fair to say that you do have a credited definition, as the
Collins English Dictionary does support the definition in the OG post, however, it does bring into question the OG's post validity in terms of what the BoP (Burden of Proof) has to say about these sorts of things. For context, the OG post says, and I quote:
"To obtain proof of the bible, unless someone has a road to Damascus experience, one has to take certain steps to obtain proof for themself (as opposed to demanding it on-line in discussion forums).
With the occult, there's no question one has to literally practice the art. Otherwise, there's just no grounds for demanding proof."
Let's look a little closer at what the burden of proof is, and see if this "practice" is excluded from it. Instead of just checking out the standard dictionaries, I will be consulting some more philosophically or argumentally inclined sources, as they are more topically educated or centered, and therefore take into consideration the actual things being addressed. I will also provide the traditional dictionary definitions for comparison.
Also, just for some clarification, I will not be using the legal perspective of what the burden of proof is, as the the takes on it from the legal and philosophic views are radically different. Where in the legal sense, one side of the case has some sort of huge advantage, such as in a criminal trial, the defendent is innocent until proven guilty, and while this might work whenever talking about individual actions (notice I said "might"), this does not work in the case of assertions.
The Burden of Proof - "The
burden of proof (
Latin:
onus probandi, shortened from
Onus probandi incumbit ei qui dicit, non ei qui negat) is the obligation on a party in a dispute to provide sufficient
warrant for their position."
[4]
Some might fault me for using the wikipedia's definition, however, whenever one considers the sources listed and verified for this specific page, I find it justified:
- Cargile, James (January 1997). "On the burden of proof". Philosophy. Cambridge University Press. 72 (279): 59–83. doi:10.1017/s0031819100056655.
- ^ Marc Kaufman, First Contact: Scientific Breakthroughs in the Hunt for Life Beyond Earth, Simon and Schuster, p. 124.
- ^ Leite, Adam (2005). "A localist solution to the regress of justification". Australasian Journal of Philosophy. 83 (3): 395–421 [p. 418]. doi:10.1080/00048400500191974. [t]he point of articulating reasons in defense of one's belief is to establish that one is justified in believing as one does.
- ^ Leite, Adam (2005). "A localist solution to the regress of justification". Australasian Journal of Philosophy. 83 (3): 395–421 [p. 403]. doi:10.1080/00048400500191974. justificatory conversation...[is]...characterized by a person's sincere attempt to vindicate his or her entitlement to a belief by providing adequate reasons in its defense and responding to objections.
- ^ Dennett, Daniel C. (July 1988). "Review of Psychosemantics by Jerry Fodor". The Journal of Philosophy. 85 (7): 384–389 (389). doi:10.2307/2026956. JSTOR 2026956.
- ^ Rodych, Victor (1996) [1986]. "Wittgenstein's inversion of Gödel's theorem". In Shanker, Stuart; Kilfoyle, David (eds.). Ludwig Wittgenstein: critical assessments. 2. The later Wittgenstein: from Philosophical investigations to On certainty. London; New York: Routledge. pp. 232–265 (261). ISBN 0415149150. OCLC 47938413. Thus, in 1991 Wang seems to understand why Wittgenstein rejects GIT, but, apparently favouring the "onus game" (or "burden tennis"), he unfortunately concludes (pp. 257–58) that "the burden of proof falls ... squarely on Wittgenstein's side" because of Wang's own 'principle of presumed innocence'.
- ^ Abelson, Robert P. (1995). "Credibility of argument". Statistics as principled argument. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. p. 170. ISBN 0805805273. OCLC 31011850. When research presentations advance claims that many or most readers deem incredible, these claims are vulnerable to severe challenge. In response, there will typically be a rebuttal by the investigator, and then a fresh round of criticism. The burden of proof shifts back and forth between the investigator and the critic in what might be called the game of 'burden tennis'.
- ^ "Argumentum ad Ignorantiam". Philosophy 103: Introduction to Logic. Lander University. 2004. Archived from the original on 30 April 2009. Retrieved 2009-04-29.
- ^ Dowden, Bradley. "Appeal to ignorance". Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved 2016-02-24.
- ^ Jump up to:a b Hales, Steven D. (Summer 2005). "Thinking tools: You can prove a negative"(PDF). Think. Cambridge University Press. 4 (10): 109–112. doi:10.1017/S1477175600001287.
This is only half of them, with some of the citations shortened to not take up as much room. I also think that this is the most commonly understood definition of the Burden of Proof, or that, whenever someone makes a claim, they have the burden to provide some sort of evidence to fulfill their assertion, otherwise any reasonable person is justified in not accepting the proposition. Here are the more standard definitions from the regular dictionaries:
"The obligation to prove one's assertion." [
5]"the duty of proving a disputed assertion or charge"
[7]
I think that based on the other definitions, and the list of philosophic journals that Wikipedia used to qualify their standard of the burden of proof, that the definition provided by Wikipedia is usable. Let's take another look at the "Occult" and compare it now to our definition of the Burden of Proof, and see if it is actually justifiable to say that the occult does not have to fulfill that burden.
BoP -The burden of proof is the obligation on a party in a dispute to provide sufficient warrant for their position
Occult - The knowledge and study of supernatural or magical forces
Well then, even the definition of Occult is an assertion into itself, as many philosophic teacher or student can tell you, the actual definition of knowledge is very hard to pinpoint exactly, but for this discussion we can use the classic, "Justified true belief", therefore the definition of Occult is saying that it is possible or at least theoretically possible to have a justified true belief in the supernatural or magical forces; however, technically it could be referring to untrue supernatural magic or forces, so the Occult definition doesn't necessarily have any burden of proof.
However, to claim that one does have some sort of knowledge on the Occult, and that the magic or supernatural forces being discussed are real, that is an assertion, and therefore does require evidence to back it up. Saying that you have practiced Occult, and clarifying that the practice happened in actuality, is a claim, and therefore, in order to have any warrant, must have evidence. I'll provide something similar as an example, just so that everyone can wrap their head around the concept of the Burden of Proof. Let's take being the best chief on the planet.
Now, these aren't exactly analogous, but the concept remains the same: One can be a chief, and that requires relatively little evidence, just as someone can technically have "occult" knowledge just by reading Harry Potter. However the qualifier of "best" is what demands proper evidence and incites the BoP. The qualifier of "real" or in this case "practice" with the context that the practice occured, is what demands the burden of proof. Therefore, just because something must be "practiced" does not excuse it from demonstrating that that practice can actually occur, and isn't something else, that the practice is supernatural or magical forces.
Therefore, the entire thing of, "one has to take certain steps to obtain proof for themself" is false, unless they specifically claim that the Occult is false, the one that claims that they have practiced occult to real effect because of supernatural or magical forces, must also demonstrate that claim. Because it is a claim, adding in an extra caveat of it being, "practiced" has no effect on the actual burden of proof. Due to the parenthesized line right after it: "as opposed to demanding it on-line in discussion forums" I believe the order to be of a biased conclusion on the OG's poster's behalf. Therefore he does have the burden of providing evidence for what he claims to have occured.