One of the more interesting myths is the idea that Darwin was the product of the Enlightenment, someone who challenged dogma according to reason.
Nothing could be further from the truth.
Darwin promoted the idea that the evolution of species on earth was due to chance and probability, and thus nature is inherently chaotic.
The ENTIRE idea of the Enlightenment was to prove that the world was orderly, harmonious, and non-chaotic. Previous taxonomies tried to prove that nature just worked in perfect harmony and, if anything, was naturally positioned to progressing. For some reason, every scientist of this period was obsessed with clock analogies, so it would be like all the reductionist parts of the clock coming together for a goal. The cogs of the machine working independently.
I mean look at geology, the two main clashes within that field during the 19th century were between uniformitarianism, in which the earth's geology formed over small, incremental, reliably predictable processes and catastrophism, in which earth's geological development was dominated by large-scale random disasters.
Isaac Newton would have smacked Charles Darwin for even SUGGESTING that the natural world was probabilistic.