The concept of freewill has been around since at least ancient Greece when Socrates and Aristotle were exploring the role of moral responsibility. Since then it has spread through or been explored in other areas of philosophy such as with Judeo Christian values or through the enlightenment.
The illusion or belief in free will has been used to put moral responsibility on the shoulders of the individual. However despite the usefulness of this belief at placing blame on the individual, we can know that it's merely a convenient lie.
So far the theory hasn't been proved, its merely been used as an a priori assumption.
# the evidence against freewill
Our beliefs are formed by sensations from the outside world, we are devices that do not control our input, and if we get down to the cellular level, we don't control the electrical impulses in our brain nor do we control prior conditioning and the chemical processes that control our thoughts, which control our actions. We simply do not have the freewill because we are essentially meat computers.
# Common Rebuttals
- **Compatibilism**: Even if determinism is true, we can still have free will as long as our actions align with our desires and intentions, even if those desires are influenced by prior causes
This isn't a rebuttal. It's semantics, it's attempting to change the common definition of free will. There might be good reasons to use free will as a social construct, but it wouldn't change the fact that it's a fiction.
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- **Quantum Mechanics**: Some argue that quantum indeterminacy (randomness at the subatomic level) allows for free will, suggesting that not everything is determined by prior events.
This is trying to state that randomness is free will, but we have no reason to believe that we have any control of this randomness that appears at the subatomic level.
- **Moral Responsibility**: If we didn't have free will, we couldn't be held morally accountable for our actions, which would undermine systems of justice and personal accountability.
We are talking about the truth value here. This rebuttal is off topic unless you are operating with a different definition of truth than what is normally used.