(IFF) you believe in certain teachings (THEN) you should follow those teachings
Truth is manifested in Allah's teachings as the ultimate end. This is fine for you, but it lacks the original faith that Muhammad intended to introduce. Muhammad also allegedly (though I have yet to confirm) thinks that the world would end soon since he genuinely believed the he was the last prophet. For him, truth is no longer a trivial claim of analytic properties, but rather a manifestation of how kafirs actively disbelieve in his "truth".
it is impossible to create a logical argument (or counter-argument) for religious teachings
because religious teachings are NOT BASED ON LOGIC
Not to muhammad, and his team of Ulamas. The greatest manifestations of mercy is found in Sharia, which extends to all parts of life. Anything the world can't prove (as Ghazali the Mystic said), humanity MUST DEFER TO Muhammad because he was last granted the rightful place of prophesy. More importantly, knowledge within Islam is infinite, and logical contradictions won't affect the truthfulness of their word.
The knowledge you speak of is known to the west but the islamic world would consider it a finite understanding of truthfulness. A finite understanding limits its essential "expression" to that of materialism. These aren't my words.
Knowing this, how would you reply to a senior scholar of islam?
(note that the term 'scholar' is vastly different in the west. Ulama scholars directly affect the societies they live in while western scholars are virtually ignored and sometimes laughed at)
