Instigator / Pro
4
1294
rating
75
debates
18.0%
won
Topic
#1497

There are two genders Male and Female

Status
Finished

The debate is finished. The distribution of the voting points and the winner are presented below.

Winner & statistics
Better arguments
0
6
Better sources
0
4
Better legibility
2
2
Better conduct
2
2

After 2 votes and with 10 points ahead, the winner is...

bronskibeat
Parameters
Publication date
Last updated date
Type
Standard
Number of rounds
3
Time for argument
Three days
Max argument characters
10,000
Voting period
One week
Point system
Multiple criterions
Voting system
Open
Contender / Con
14
1545
rating
3
debates
100.0%
won
Description

There are only two genders everyone else is defective https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GOniPhuyXeY

Round 1
Pro
#1
if you look at things scientifically not through religion or leftist dogma science shows there are only two genders either you are male , or female or defective "
Science Shows Sex Is Binary, Not a Spectrum
COMMENTARY

.


October 31, 2018

AP Photo/Toby Talbot, File
Last week, The New York Times ran an op-ed by Anne Fausto-Sterling, a professor of biology and gender studies at Brown University, arguing that biological sex is not binary. The piece joined a long succession of media coverage criticizing the Department of Health and Human Services’ recently leaked memo, which proposed legally defining sex as either male or female.
From a scientific perspective, there was nothing wrong with HHS’s definition. Biological sex refers to whether we are female or male, based on our anatomy and reproductive functions. The concept of sex is, by definition, binary.

Fausto-Sterling’s piece points to the existence of intersex people as evidence that this isn’t the case. Certainly, research has shown that as many as 1 percent of the population is intersex, a medical condition denoting that an individual possesses anatomy characteristic of both sexes, such as a combination of vulvar and testicular tissue. Statistically speaking, however, this means that the vast majority of us fall into one category of sex or the other.
It therefore becomes a question of whether a statistically rare occurrence in the general population should be considered typical. An analogy that is commonly used to illustrate this is the fact that most of us have 10 fingers. There exist individuals who possess fewer or more than 10 digits on their hands, but this hasn’t called for a re-conceptualization of how many fingers a human being has.
Fausto-Sterling mentions how, earlier this month, Hungary’s prime minister, Viktor Orbán, banned gender studies programs. He has been called “far-right” by some outlets for stating that the government “[does] not consider it acceptable ... to talk about socially constructed genders rather than biological sexes.” Deputy Prime Minister Zsolt Semjen additionally pointed out that gender studies “has no business in universities” due to being “an ideology, not a science.”

Indeed, gender—whether we subjectively feel male or female—is biological, not a social construct. An extremely large and consistent body of scientific research has shown that gender is the result of prenatal hormone exposure, even in the case of intersex individuals, as opposed to adults and society imposing gendered norms on unsuspecting children from the moment they leave the womb.
After describing “the process of gender socialization,” the piece goes on to say that “[f]etal hormones also affect brain development.” How would it be possible for hormones to affect the developing brain in utero, but not the expression of this brain development, which manifests as sex-typed differences in interests, personality, and behavior when the child is born?  
Science Shows Sex Is Binary, Not a Spectrum
COMMENTARY
Science Shows Sex Is Binary, Not a Spectrum
COMMENTARY

.


October 31, 2018

AP Photo/Toby Talbot, File
Last week, The New York Times ran an op-ed by Anne Fausto-Sterling, a professor of biology and gender studies at Brown University, arguing that biological sex is not binary. The piece joined a long succession of media coverage criticizing the Department of Health and Human Services’ recently leaked memo, which proposed legally defining sex as either male or female.
From a scientific perspective, there was nothing wrong with HHS’s definition. Biological sex refers to whether we are female or male, based on our anatomy and reproductive functions. The concept of sex is, by definition, binary.

Fausto-Sterling’s piece points to the existence of intersex people as evidence that this isn’t the case. Certainly, research has shown that as many as 1 percent of the population is intersex, a medical condition denoting that an individual possesses anatomy characteristic of both sexes, such as a combination of vulvar and testicular tissue. Statistically speaking, however, this means that the vast majority of us fall into one category of sex or the other.
It therefore becomes a question of whether a statistically rare occurrence in the general population should be considered typical. An analogy that is commonly used to illustrate this is the fact that most of us have 10 fingers. There exist individuals who possess fewer or more than 10 digits on their hands, but this hasn’t called for a re-conceptualization of how many fingers a human being has.
Fausto-Sterling mentions how, earlier this month, Hungary’s prime minister, Viktor Orbán, banned gender studies programs. He has been called “far-right” by some outlets for stating that the government “[does] not consider it acceptable ... to talk about socially constructed genders rather than biological sexes.” Deputy Prime Minister Zsolt Semjen additionally pointed out that gender studies “has no business in universities” due to being “an ideology, not a science.”

Indeed, gender—whether we subjectively feel male or female—is biological, not a social construct. An extremely large and consistent body of scientific research has shown that gender is the result of prenatal hormone exposure, even in the case of intersex individuals, as opposed to adults and society imposing gendered norms on unsuspecting children from the moment they leave the womb.
After describing “the process of gender socialization,” the piece goes on to say that “[f]etal hormones also affect brain development.” How would it be possible for hormones to affect the developing brain in utero, but not the expression of this brain development, which manifests as sex-typed differences in interests, personality, and behavior when the child is born?https://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2018/10/31/science_shows_sex_is_binary_not_a_spectrum_138506.htmlhttps://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2018/10/31/science_shows_sex_is_binary_not_a_spectrum_138506.html
.


October 31, 2018

AP Photo/Toby Talbot, File
Last week, The New York Times ran an op-ed by Anne Fausto-Sterling, a professor of biology and gender studies at Brown University, arguing that biological sex is not binary. The piece joined a long succession of media coverage criticizing the Department of Health and Human Services’ recently leaked memo, which proposed legally defining sex as either male or female.
From a scientific perspective, there was nothing wrong with HHS’s definition. Biological sex refers to whether we are female or male, based on our anatomy and reproductive functions. The concept of sex is, by definition, binary.

Fausto-Sterling’s piece points to the existence of intersex people as evidence that this isn’t the case. Certainly, research has shown that as many as 1 percent of the population is intersex, a medical condition denoting that an individual possesses anatomy characteristic of both sexes, such as a combination of vulvar and testicular tissue. Statistically speaking, however, this means that the vast majority of us fall into one category of sex or the other.
It therefore becomes a question of whether a statistically rare occurrence in the general population should be considered typical. An analogy that is commonly used to illustrate this is the fact that most of us have 10 fingers. There exist individuals who possess fewer or more than 10 digits on their hands, but this hasn’t called for a re-conceptualization of how many fingers a human being has.
Fausto-Sterling mentions how, earlier this month, Hungary’s prime minister, Viktor Orbán, banned gender studies programs. He has been called “far-right” by some outlets for stating that the government “[does] not consider it acceptable ... to talk about socially constructed genders rather than biological sexes.” Deputy Prime Minister Zsolt Semjen additionally pointed out that gender studies “has no business in universities” due to being “an ideology, not a science.”

Indeed, gender—whether we subjectively feel male or female—is biological, not a social construct. An extremely large and consistent body of scientific research has shown that gender is the result of prenatal hormone exposure, even in the case of intersex individuals, as opposed to adults and society imposing gendered norms on unsuspecting children from the moment they leave the womb.
After describing “the process of gender socialization,” the piece goes on to say that “[f]etal hormones also affect brain development.” How would it be possible for hormones to affect the developing brain in utero, but not the expression of this brain development, which manifests as sex-typed differences in interests, personality, and behavior when the child is born?

Con
#2
Thank you for creating this debate.

Fausto-Sterling’s piece points to the existence of intersex people as evidence that this isn’t the case. Certainly, research has shown that as many as 1 percent of the population is intersex, a medical condition denoting that an individual possesses anatomy characteristic of both sexes, such as a combination of vulvar and testicular tissue. Statistically speaking, however, this means that the vast majority of us fall into one category of sex or the other.

It therefore becomes a question of whether a statistically rare occurrence in the general population should be considered typical. An analogy that is commonly used to illustrate this is the fact that most of us have 10 fingers. There exist individuals who possess fewer or more than 10 digits on their hands, but this hasn’t called for a re-conceptualization of how many fingers a human being has.
Intersex


If a particular physical, biological, or genetic characteristic is rare, does it mean it’s not valid? Just because an occurrence is not typical, does not mean it shouldn't be acknowledged. The fact that intersex exists at all shows that there is more than two possibilities for biological sex.

We, as a society, have made and continue to make accommodations for other atypical conditions like being blind or deaf. We don't ignore a minority simply because they are a minority.



Indeed, gender—whether we subjectively feel male or female—is biological, not a social construct. An extremely large and consistent body of scientific research has shown that gender is the result of prenatal hormone exposure, even in the case of intersex individuals, as opposed to adults and society imposing gendered norms on unsuspecting children from the moment they leave the womb.

After describing “the process of gender socialization,” the piece goes on to say that “[f]etal hormones also affect brain development.” How would it be possible for hormones to affect the developing brain in utero, but not the expression of this brain development, which manifests as sex-typed differences in interests, personality, and behavior when the child is born?
Is Gender A Social Construct?

I think there is a case to be made that gender is mostly a social construct, but not entirely. First, let's take a deeper look into "Gender,"

"The word gender has been used since the 14th century as a grammatical term, referring to classes of noun designated as masculine, feminine, or neuter in some languages. The sense denoting biological sex has also been used since the 14th century, but this did not become common until the mid 20th century. Although the words gender and sex are often used interchangeably, they have slightly different connotations; sex tends to refer to biological differences, while gender more often refers to cultural and social differences and sometimes encompasses a broader range of identities than the binary of male and female". [1]

How a male or female is expected to behave, dress, speak, etc. will differ depending on culture/society. What is considered a masculine or feminine attribute in one culture may be considered the opposite or neutral in another. It's also important to point out that the concept of more than two genders is not a new one, it's existed in multiple cultures through-out history (Mesopotamia, Ancient Greece, India, etc.). [2]

Looking at the study in the link of the above quote, it just shows that parental influence alone won't determine what toys a child will naturally gravitate toward playing with. I would agree with that. I think gender identity is a complex mixture of societal, environmental, and genetic influences. I don't believe any one thing alone will determine how a person identifies, and there is scientific research to back that point of view. [3]  

For example, let's look at testosterone, what does it affect? The development of genitalia, deepening of the voice during puberty, muscle size and strength, deepening of the voice during puberty, facial hair, etc. Will it guarantee that a young boy will have interests stereotypically associated with males like sports, video games, wearing masculine clothing, etc.? Research shows it does not. [4]

Now, that might beg the question, just because someone is not interested in the things typically associated with their sex, does that mean that they need to identify differently? The answer is no. And on the other end of that, someone born as biologically "male" who enjoys stereotypically "male" things can still experience gender dysphoria, and/or feel that "male" is not the gender identity that suites them. It's in no way a black and white issue. 

The reason why we are discussing this is not because some group of liberals arbitrarily decided that they wanted change for the sake of being progressive, but because there are many people who fall under the transgender umbrella who have spoken up about their experiences with dysphoria, identifying as non-binary (not identifying as either male or female), transitioning, etc. The way people who fall under this umbrella have been treated has led to high suicide, and murder rates. That makes this an issue that needs to be addressed, and how we have historically addressed this issue as a society has not worked (trying to force them to fit the binary, or the sex they were born with.) [5]

Round 2
Pro
#3
There are two genders and then there are birth defects end of story Intersex variation (IV) is a morphological and physiological anomaly where an individual is born with “congenital conditions in which development of chromosomal, gonadal, or anatomical sex is atypical”. In essence, the reproductive organs differ from those typically associated as being male or female.Sep 8, 2016
The Increasing Prevalence in Intersex Variation from ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › pmc › articles › PMC5017538 god or nature designs humans to be either male or female genetically for the purpose of reproduction , anyone who is born outside that with "feelings' or genetic defects , is simply defective on some level

there are men and women for biological reasons every thing is is simply a defect, i am not advocating doing anythng mean to them i hope they can find happyness but on a biological level they serve no purpose they are incapable of reproduction they are a dead end
An increasing number of children are born with intersex variation (IV; ambiguous genitalia/hermaphrodite, pseudohermaphroditism, etc.). Evidence shows that endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the environment can cause reproductive variation through dysregulation of normal reproductive tissue differentiation, growth, and maturation if the fetus is exposed to EDCs during critical developmental times in utero. Animal studies support fish and reptile embryos exhibited IV and sex reversal when exposed to EDCs. Occupational studies verified higher prevalence of offspring with IV in chemically exposed workers (male and female). Chemicals associated with endocrine-disrupting ability in humans include organochlorine pesticides, poly-chlorinated biphenyls, bisphenol A, phthalates, dioxins, and furans. Intersex individuals may have concurrent physical disorders requiring lifelong medical intervention and experience gender dysphoria. An urgent need exists to determine which chemicals possess the greatest risk for IV and the mechanisms by which these chemicals are capable of interfering with normal physiological development in children. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5017538/ an increase in intersex is caused by a polluted environment

Con
#4
Gender Vs. Sex

I think it’s important at this point to point out again that sex and gender are not interchangeable. Sex refers to biology, and gender refers to the social and cultural. This is not simply opinion, but accepted through-out the psychology community. [1] 

As human beings we are more comfortable with categorizing things into boxes through language. The words “Male” and “Female” were created by humans to create two distinct boxes for each sex they most commonly came across. After these categorizations were established, then came gender. And that is where social and cultural expectations of speech, behavior, dress, class, etc. began to be assigned to the different sexes. 

There’s no doubt what sex you are born with, that is fact. But what gender you identify with does not have to align with that expected of your sex or what’s expected of any sex. The two are separate things. 

Focusing solely on issues pertaining to intersex people seems inappropriate for this discussion as it is more to do with sex than gender, but I will address my opponent’s arguments, but I’m going to try to stay on topic as well. 

My opponent says in their argument:

god or nature designs humans to be either male or female genetically for the purpose of reproduction , anyone who is born outside that with "feelings' or genetic defects , is simply defective on some level

Many people who are intersex can still reproduce. Most people who identify as Transgender or Non-Binary can also still reproduce. 

The rest of my opponent’s argument, correct me if I’m wrong, focuses on the idea that people who are not cisgender (someone who’s gender matches the sex they were born as) or are intersex are the result of defects of some kind. 

To touch quickly upon this argument, as it pertains to intersex people, I think to call it a defect across the board, you are creating victims where they don’t have to exist, as many of them can live very healthy and normal lives with the condition. Many of them can reproduce, and many of them don’t have any health/mental health problems through-out their life. Much of the negativity they face is not from the condition itself, but how society reacts to the condition. [2]

Back on track, identifying as a gender that is not the one you were assigned with at birth is not a defect or a disorder. In-fact, the American Psychiatric Association went as far as to remove “Gender Identity Disorder” from their The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders back in 2012.[3]

A disorder that does exist is gender dysphoria (when someone feels their body does not match their gender), and the only treatment that appears to work for dysphoria is to allow those suffering from it to transition or simply identify with how they feel. [4] 

We also know that, for example, that there are men who enjoyed wearing dresses and make-up, but don’t experience dysphoria, and may feel that neither “male” or “female” is an accurate descriptor for their gender identity.

Gender has always been a grey area because there were never really just two categories for it, but just two labels. It limited the language people could use for themselves, which probably made sense for many societies through-out history. Reproduction and people maintaining their roles in society was a means to survive for much of it, but it was also never the full picture as I pointed out in my previous post.


Round 3
Pro
#5
God made adam and eve and since those times male and female have been definite and separate, we have adjusted the roles and tried to establish equity but to outright deny the reality that th sexes are different or that they simply dont exist will end with our socieites destruction https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I8BRdwgPChQ
Con
#6
Definitions

For one to have a constructive discussion on whether or not gender is binary, one most first establish whether or not that believe gender and sex to be separate. If they do not, then they should provide clear evidence as to why they believe then to be synonymous. I have yet to be presented with any evidence that they are so. Unfortunately, it doesn’t seem we were able to make much progress past this point in our discussion.

I have provided the definitions of gender and sex accepted widely by both the scientific and psychiatric communities, and they maintain that two are indeed not one and the same. Sex refers to biology, and gender refers to societal and cultural characteristics created by people.

What Decides Gender?

With these words defined, we then ask the question, will sex always dictate your gender? I argued that gender is likely influenced by a complex range of factors including environment, genetics, society, etc., and that it is not determined by any one factor alone including biology. Studies in both the science and psychiatric communities support that idea.

Is Gender Black and White?

With these range of factors considered, we can see through-out different cultures as well as through-out history, the diversity in which gender can be presented. For example, up until the early 1900s, it was normal for young boys to wear dresses alongside girls up until a certain age. I also established that the idea that there are more than two genders is not a new one, and has existed for centuries in multiples cultures.  

With all of this in mind, it shouldn’t be a stretch to see how gender is far more of a grey area than a black and white one. In our culture, despite the mainstreaming of LGBT identities, we still have a strong image of what attributes a male and female are expected to have. If a person decides that they don’t feel comfortable with either the female or male label alone, that they don’t share or connect with those same attributes that society has associated with either word, then they don’t need to label themselves as either. If nonbinary or genderqueer are more accurate labels to what they connect with or how they present, then they should use the most accurate label as a means of more nuanced communication and understanding.

I’d, again, like to thank my opponent for this debate.