I want to know which (real-world) laws and punishments should be changed based on specific, non-opinion-based, "objective" "Bible" verses.
Then you need to answer some questions.
What would be equal justice for a murderer? Do you have a reply or can anything be equally just?
This is another RED-HERRING.
No, it is not. Whatever I say you will have another objection. You want to know what is objectively just. Objectively just is equal justice. That means that a criminal sentence to be equally just then needs to deliver equal compensation to the victim. Thus, I want you to explain what equal justice would be in the case of murder.
What does the Bible reveal is the penalty for murder? Let me reason this out.
On the earthly level, and from the government perspective it reveals an eye for an eye, life for life, but, IMO, Jesus taught the individual to turn the other cheek if it is between you and the other person. As you have been forgiven forgive others. So, we individually, are to show the same grace to our brothers, even our enemies, that God has shown to us. That does not mean that the crime should go unpunished by the government. A life still demands a life. Justice still needs to be carried out. Life was still taken. If justice is not met that guilty person may feel compelled to take another life. It means, in as much as it depends on us, individually, that we should be willing to forgive others for the harm they have done to us as God has forgiven us in Christ.
Matthew 5:38-48 (NASB)
38 “You have heard that it was said, ‘An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth.’ 39 But I say to you, do not resist an evil person; but whoever slaps you on your right cheek, turn the other to him also. 40 If anyone wants to sue you and take your shirt, let him have your coat also. 41 Whoever forces you to go one mile, go with him two. 42 Give to him who asks of you, and do not turn away from him who wants to borrow from you.
43 “You have heard that it was said, ‘You shall love your neighbor and hate your enemy.’ 44 But I say to you, love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you, 45 so that you may be sons of your Father who is in heaven; for He causes His sun to rise on the evil and the good, and sends rain on the righteous and the unrighteous. 46 For if you love those who love you, what reward do you have? Do not even the tax collectors do the same? 47 If you greet only your brothers, what more are you doing than others? Do not even the Gentiles do the same? 48 Therefore you are to be perfect, as your heavenly Father is perfect.
Jesus makes it personal with the pronoun 'you'.
Now, looking at the heavenly level, no murderer shall enter into heaven, yet Paul states that was some of you, but you have been forgiven and justified because of the act of another (Jesus).
1 Corinthians 6:9-11 (NASB)
9 Or do you not know that the unrighteous will not inherit the kingdom of God? Do not be deceived; neither fornicators, nor idolaters, nor adulterers, nor effeminate, nor homosexuals, 10 nor thieves, nor the covetous, nor drunkards, nor revilers, nor swindlers, will inherit the kingdom of God. 11 Such were some of you; but you were washed, but you were sanctified, but you were justified in the name of the Lord Jesus Christ and in the Spirit of our God.
What does "The Bible" tell us to do? Today. In modern times. Where in "The Bible" does it tell us the real-world "objective" punishments for each of the Ten Commandments?
WWJD??
Today, in modern times the lesson is,
1) To obey the laws of the land,
2) To not hold a grudge personally but to love not only our neighbours but our enemies,
3) To not seek an eye for an eye, tooth for a tooth,
4) That these Ten Commandments are still binding but mercy is also at play.
Jesus even elaborates on two of them, adultery and what that means, and hatred and anger in relation to murders.
5) Jesus has met the letter of the law for the believer. He has satisfied its righteousness on behalf of those who have faith and trust in Him.
It tells us the punishment in both covenants.
In the Old Covenant, it is an eye for an eye, tooth for tooth, life for life. It goes into great length for situational ethics in the ANE via OT laws and many of these laws relate to the Ten Commandments. You could argue all do.
In the New Covenant, the eternal covenant, it tells us that the punishment from these sins is separation from God in heaven. It mentions many of these ten commandments in various passages as they relate to heaven.
Justice:
1 Corinthians 6:9-11 (NASB)
9 Or do you not know that the unrighteous will not inherit the kingdom of God? Do not be deceived; neither fornicators, nor idolaters, nor adulterers, nor effeminate, nor homosexuals, 10 nor thieves, nor the covetous, nor drunkards, nor revilers, nor swindlers, will inherit the kingdom of God.
Mercy:
11 Such were some of you; but you were washed, but you were sanctified, but you were justified in the name of the Lord Jesus Christ and in the Spirit of our God.
***
Or do you not know that the unrighteous will not inherit the kingdom of God? Do not be deceived; neither fornicators, nor idolaters, nor adulterers, nor effeminate, nor homosexuals,
***
Justice:
Galatians 5:19-23 (NASB)
19 Now the deeds of the flesh are evident, which are: immorality, impurity, sensuality, 20 idolatry, sorcery, enmities, strife, jealousy, outbursts of anger, disputes, dissensions, factions, 21 envying, drunkenness, carousing, and things like these, of which I forewarn you, just as I have forewarned you, that those who practice such things will not inherit the kingdom of God.
Grace and mercy:
22 But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, 23 gentleness, self-control; against such things there is no law.
***
For this you know with certainty, that no immoral or impure person or covetous man, who is an idolater, has an inheritance in the kingdom of Christ and God.
***
Therefore consider the members of your earthly body as dead to immorality, impurity, passion, evil desire, and greed, which amounts to idolatry.
***
Mercy:
Revelation 21:7-8 (NASB)
7 He who overcomes will inherit these things, and I will be his God and he will be My son.
Justice:
8 But for the cowardly and unbelieving and abominable and murderers and immoral persons and sorcerers and idolaters and all liars, their part will be in the lake that burns with fire and brimstone, which is the second death.”
So, except for the Sabbath, the Ten Commandments are all present in these NT passages:
- the unrighteous will not inherit the kingdom of God,
- neither fornicators, nor idolaters, nor adulterers, nor effeminate, nor homosexuals, --> Covered under adultery and idolatry towards God.
- nor thieves, nor the covetous, nor drunkards, nor revilers, nor swindlers, --> Covered under stealing and coveting.
- immorality, impurity, sensuality, --> Covered under adultery and covetousness.
- idolatry, sorcery, - Covered under Idolarty
- enmities, strife, jealousy, outbursts of anger, disputes, dissensions, factions, --> Covered under Murder for Jesus likened hatred and anger with murder.
- murderers - speaks for itself
- immoral persons - adultery and sexual immorality
- sorcerers and idolaters - idolatry
- all liars - lying