Medieval and Early Modern History
Here he implies that Ukraine isn't a state because Ukraine spent much of its history under the Tartar Yoke + Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. What this neglects is that, by Putin's own admission, Kyiv/Kiev is older than (or at least achieved prominence earlier than) Moscow. The modern Russian state isn't centered in Novgorod, whereas Ukraine's capital is still Kyiv. Likewise the modern Russian state wasn't founded by Novgorod but by Moscow, which conquered Novgorod in 1478.
I'll follow up that Jewish statehood had been interrupted longer than Ukraine was under foreign rule: almost 1,900 years vs. 700-800 years. Nonetheless, many of us accept the legitimacy of Israeli statehood on the basis that Israel did exist at some point in the past, and that the Jews have a right to a homeland somewhere. There's no reason to think Ukraine has less of said right, given said facts.
Finally, even if pre-modern Ukraine had never, ever been a state, this is a spurious reason for denying Ukrainian sovereignty today. Many long-marginalized peoples have successfully formed nation-states in the past 200 years; for example, Slovakia and Latvia. What matters is that Ukraine was recognized by Russia as an independent country in the Soviet and post-Soviet eras, and said independence cannot be whimsically revoked once granted (imagine if the UK suddenly tried that with the US). And Russia claims itself to be the legal successor to the Soviet Union, meaning they're in little position to claim the Soviet Union forced anything on Russia against its will.
NATO broke its promise not to expand
IIRC this was promised by a lone diplomat who didn't have the backing of his government, much less the governments of all NATO member states, to make this claim. By Putin's admission it was never an agreement on paper, whereas the 1994 Budapest Memorandum was on paper and Russia violated it after claiming for months in advance that they would do no such thing.
Even if we accept that continuing to expand NATO was a poor way to treat Russia, Ukraine is innocent of whatever we in the West did. They did not deserve to be invaded.
NATO wouldn't let Russia join and tried to hurt Yeltsin in the 1996 elections
After just a couple of years in power, Yeltsin proved not a liberal or pro-democracy reformer but a sort of proto-Putin. He literally shelled the Russian parliament in 1993 and laid the groundwork for how Putin rules over Russia today. The values which Russia were re-embracing were antithetical to the values NATO was built to defend, so rejecting them makes sense on this ground alone. So does supporting the opposition in 1996, since a government split between different factions and competing interests would be more democratic than one with uncontested strongman rule, which would also make Russia a more successful country in the long term.
Furthermore tensions remained high throughout the 90s, with a brief nuclear scare in 1996 when a Norwegian civilian rocket flew over Russian airspace. While Yeltsin handled this well and deescalated the situation, it's clear that the period wouldn't have been ripe for a military alliance with their ex-enemies even if Russia wasn't headed down an authoritarian path.
NATO supported the Chechen rebels
This resource shows there is no evidence to support the claim. While it's understandable that the West would be sympathetic to an anti-colonial movement in the Caucasus, given that Russia is the world's last classical empire, it doesn't appear to be true that America or its allies lent material aid to them.
The US shouldn't have invaded Iraq
Tu quoque fallacy. But sure, let's talk about this.
If nothing else, the circumstances in 2003 were morally ambiguous. The country's people were starving under global sanctions, and the international community feared that Saddam Hussein might rebuild his chemical WMD stockpile at some undetermined point in the future, hence the massive effort that went into stopping him from doing so.
Ukraine, on the other hand, did nothing wrong aside from having an internal revolution that replaced a pro-Russian government with a pro-Western government. A government which then won re-election over and over again, making it legitimate even if (for the sake of argument) it wasn't at first.
NATO's missile defense system
Russia was an ally of Iran, which posed said missile threat to the West. If they didn't want the system being built they could've pressured Iran to stop what they were doing. Same goes for the West Coast missile defense system, since that was in response to North Korea, also an ally of Russia.
As for NATO not cooperating with Russia, Putin was a strongman who had invaded free Georgia by 2008. Any "cooperation" that might've potentially compromised the system when it came to an attack by Russia, a country which was a credible threat to Europe, would've been foolhardy. Integration of NATO and Russian military tech poses opportunities for Russian espionage, which is why the US was very reluctant to sell F-16s to Turkey after they acquired the S-400.
We are now ahead of the US when it comes to hypersonic missile technology
I don't believe this, given that their defense budget is a fraction of ours and given that Ukraine has been able to shoot down Kinzhal missiles on at least one occasion.
The "door to" Nato membership was opened to Georgia and Ukraine in 2008
From my understanding, at the time NATO was between cold wars and in the middle of an identity crisis, with it being somewhat unclear why they should continue to exist without a clear enemy. They'd come to view it not just as a military alliance but as a sort of pan-Western civilizational project like the EU. Meaning it wasn't purely for military reasons that said invitation was extended. Likewise, the War on Terror was ongoing so if Ukraine joined it would've meant more bodies to throw at clearing booby-trapped houses in Iraq and Afghanistan.
Still, it's understandable why Russia didn't take this well. I'll grant Putin that. But I think it was a long shot in any event, given that frigging Sweden almost didn't make the cut.
Euromaidan was an illegal coup
No, it was a popular uprising (less than a civil war) because Yanukovych chose economic partnership with Russia over the EU. Given how much of a bigger market the EU is compared to Russia, and how much more lucrative that partnership would've been, it's easy to see why. Ukraine was dirt poor after centuries of being yoked to Russia and Yanukovych was squandering what might've been their best chance to rapidly develop.
This didn't involve the military overthrowing Yanukovych. The people brought the country to the point of unrest in order to pressure the parliament to impeach Yanukovych. Which the Ukrainian parliament did, legally. After this the pro-Russian party stupidly boycotted the next wave of elections, which only served to let a pro-Western government get voted in.
Aside from the fact of ordinary people rioting (which people do in all countries), there was nothing illegal about the whole process.
Euromaidan was orchestrated by the West
The West did not magically brainwash 45,000,000 Ukrainians, without which Euromaidan would've been impossible.
Euromaidan was unfavorable to Russia
True, but Russia's response was vastly disproportionate.
There was a threat to Crimea and Donbass
No there was not. Not until Russia brought in little green men and started a war.