Thank you, Sir.Lancelot, for the extension.
Preamble:
I will argue against the resolution that, on balance, the US Government should prioritize conventional energy sources over renewable energy sources. As I proposed in the comments, I will focus on constructive arguments in this first round, and refute Pro’s arguments in the second round.
Definitions:
The lists of conventional and renewable energy sources should be changed as follows:
- The conventional energy sources list should be made more accurate and concise by removing the separate entries for Coal, Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas and keeping Fossil Fuels. The fossil fuel category includes coal, petroleum (a.k.a., crude oil), natural gas, and other fuels that are missing from the original list, e.g., oil shale.
- Fuel Woods should be removed from the conventional energy sources list as this energy source belongs in the category of Bio Energy in the list of renewable sources.
- Thermal power plants should not be included in the conventional energy sources list because some thermal power plants run on geothermal energy or biomass, which are included in the renewable energy sources list. I suggest excluding thermal power plants from both lists with this understanding.
Burden of Proof:
I should win this debate if I prove or make a stronger case that the US Government should prioritize renewable energy sources over conventional energy sources. Conversely, my opponent should win if they prove or make a stronger case that the US Government should prioritize conventional energy sources over renewable energy sources.
Context:
In the US, transportation accounts for 37% of end-use energy consumption, followed by industry (manufacturing, agriculture, mining, and construction) at 35%, residential at 16%, and commercial at 12%
1.
Renewable sources are used to produce electricity, drop-in replacement liquid and gaseous fuels (biofuels)
2, and feedstocks for industry
3. Nuclear power is only used to produce electricity.
Contentions:
I. Nuclear Energy
Since my main arguments are based on the substantial benefits of renewable energy sources over fossil fuels, I must separately address nuclear energy.
The US is not equipped to deal with radioactive waste
Although I support nuclear energy as an alternative to fossil fuels, the US is not prepared to deal with the additional nuclear waste that would be produced by prioritizing this energy source.Nuclear power plants produce radioactive waste that requires extremely long-term, secure storage to prevent contamination. The US doesn’t have a permanent solution for containing the current amount of domestic nuclear waste, and “even if the U.S. starts today, it will take decades to site, design and build a facility for disposal of its nuclear waste stockpile”
4.
Nuclear energy has limited applications
As explained in my preamble, nuclear power is only used to produce electricity, whereas renewable sources can be used for electricity, heating, fueling, and as feedstocks. Nuclear power plants can take up to 10 years to build, including permitting and construction
5, which means that nuclear energy is not suitable for quickly transitioning an economic sector from fossil fuels to electricity, such as transportation.
II. Global Warming
Global warming is caused by the emission of greenhouse gasses (GHGs), which accumulate in the atmosphere and trap heat that would otherwise radiate from the Earth’s surface into space
6. Humanity’s burning of fossil fuels is the main source of the GHGs that cause global warming, which has and will continue to have adverse effects on human health, water availability, food production, the built environment, and biodiversity. Quoting from the AR6 Synthesis Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
7:
In the US, fossil fuels combustion was the largest source of GHGs between 1990 and 2021
8. To mitigate global warming and its harmful consequences, it is clear that the US government should act to substantially reduce the use of fossil fuels and prioritize renewable energy sources, which have zero GHG emissions associated with actual energy production, and are preferable over nuclear energy for reasons explained above.
Social cost of carbon
Furthermore, we should include the negative externalities of fossil fuels combustion (social cost of carbon) in economic considerations. Rennert et al., writing in the journal Nature, estimate the mean social cost of carbon to be $185 per metric ton of CO2
8. To put this value in context, the US produced 5,586 million metric tons of CO2 equivalents in 2021
9, which translates to over $1 trillion of negative externalities in that year alone.
II. Pollution
In addition to GHGs, fossil fuels combustion also emits air pollutants, including particulate matter, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, lead, and nitrogen oxides. “Outdoor air pollution adversely affects human health and is estimated to be responsible for five to ten per cent of the total annual premature mortality in the contiguous United States”
10. Living near fossil fuel extraction sites also increases one’s exposure to air pollution
11. To protect people’s health and reduce the incidence of premature mortality, it is clear that the US government should prioritize other energy sources than fossil fuels. I argue that the US government should prioritize renewable energy sources, which produce no air pollution during actual energy production, and are preferable over nuclear energy.
Bump for votes.
References:
Round 2:
1. US Energy Information Administration - U.S. energy facts explained
2. US Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy - Biofuel Basics
3. US Energy Information Administration - Use of energy explained: Energy use in industry
4. Scientific American - Nuclear Waste Is Piling Up. Does the U.S. Have a Plan?
5. US Energy Information Administration - Nuclear explained U.S. nuclear industry
6. Wikipedia - Greenhouse effect
7. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change - SYNTHESIS REPORT OF THE IPCC SIXTH ASSESSMENT REPORT (AR6)
8. US Environmental Protection Agency - Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2021: Executive Summary
(I accidentally numbered the next one 8 too. Please add 1 to the reference numbers in the text after first 8)
9. Rennert et al. (2022), Nature - Comprehensive evidence implies a higher social cost of CO2
10. US Environmental Protection Agency - About the Inventory of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks
11. Dedoussi et al. (2020), Nature - Premature mortality related to United States cross-state air pollution
12. Stanford News Service - Living near oil and gas wells increases air pollution exposure, according to Stanford research
Round 3:
1. US Energy Information Administration - Biofuels explained: Biofuels and the environment
2. MIT Climate Portal - How efficient is carbon capture and storage?
3. Wikipedia - Motte-and-bailey fallacy
4. Wikipedia - Kettle logic
5. Media Bias Fact Check - American Enterprise Institute: Bias and Credibility
6. US Energy Information Administration - EIA’s long-term power plant projections trade off the cost and value of new capacity
7. Our World in Data - Why did renewables become so cheap so fast?
8. National Renewable Energy Laboratory - Renewable Electricity Futures Study
9. Science Direct (Academic publisher Elsevier) - Conventional Energy
10. Toppr (Pro's source for definitions of conventional and renewable energy)
11. Scientific American - Nuclear Waste Is Piling Up. Does the U.S. Have a Plan?
Sorry, I was just late submitting my argument. Could you give me the chance to publish in the second round?
Then I suggest the first round to be focused on constructive arguments and the second round refutations.
Should I make any suggestions to amend definitions etc. in a comment?
Lowkey getting the sense whiteflame might take a personal interest in this debate.
Up to you.
Do you want the first round to be focused on constructive arguments and the second round for refutations?
I keep refreshing the page, but have not yet been able to accept. As soon as I stop seeing the warning that I don't have the qualification, I will accept the challenge.
Since we finished the troll debates, the qualification is now there.
You can accept now.
Accept all 3 challenges I made and you’ll be able to debate this with me.
I would debate you on this topic, but I don't have the qualification for rated debates.
Bump
I can help you out with that.
You need to finish 3 standard debates first, but there’s a quick loophole I discovered.
I’ll challenge you to 3 standard debates (1 round, 2 hours’ response time.)
All that’s required is for you to accept.
Sir.Lancelot only if you don't mind can you explain how one would achieve the 'qualification to participate in rated debates' or vote on debates on site?